%0 Journal Article
%T Immunoglobulin GM Genes, Cytomegalovirus Immunoevasion, and the Risk of Glioma, Neuroblastoma, and Breast Cancer
%A Janardan P. Pandey
%J Frontiers in Oncology
%D 2014
%I Frontiers Media
%R 10.3389/fonc.2014.00236
%X Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a common herpes virus, has been reported to be a risk factor for many diseases, including malignant diseases such as glioma, neuroblastoma, and breast cancer. Some of the HCMV-associated diseases (e.g., glioma) are rare. The question arises: how could a common virus be associated with uncommon diseases? Interactions between a major gene complex of the human immune system and a viral immunoevasion strategy ¨C a probable mechanism of their co-evolutionary adaptation ¨C may shed light on this paradox. To ensure its survival, HCMV has evolved sophisticated immunoevasion strategies. One strategy involves encoding decoy Fc¦Ã receptors (Fc¦ÃR), which may enable the virus to evade host immunosurveillance by avoiding the Fc¦Ã-mediated effector consequences of anti-HCMV IgG antibody binding. Immunoglobulin G1 proteins expressing GM (¦Ã marker) alleles 3 and 17 have differential affinity to the HCMV TRL11/IRL11-encoded Fc¦ÃR, and thus act as effect modifiers of HCMV-associated malignancies. The high affinity GM 3 allele has been shown to be a risk factor for neuroblastoma, glioma, and breast cancer. Additional studies involving other viral Fc¦ÃRs as well as GM alleles expressed on other IgG subclasses are warranted.
%K GM allotypes
%K immunoevasion
%K cytomegalovirus
%K glioma
%K neuroblastoma
%K breast cancer
%U http://www.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fonc.2014.00236/abstract