%0 Journal Article
%T Efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria: what they do, how they do it, with what and how to deal with them
%A Leonard Amaral
%J Frontiers in Pharmacology
%D 2014
%I Frontiers Media
%R 10.3389/fphar.2013.00168
%X This review discusses the relationship of the efflux pump (EP) system of Gram-negative bacteria to other antibiotic resistance mechanisms of the bacterium such as quorum sensing, biofilms, two component regulons, etc. The genetic responses of a Gram-negative to an antibiotic that render it immune to an antibiotic are also discussed. Lastly, the methods that have been developed for the identification of bacteria that over-express their EP system are presented in detail. Phenothiazines are well-known antipsychotic drugs with reported activity against bacterial EPs and other ancillary antibiotic mechanisms of the organism. Therefore these compounds will also be discussed.
%K Gram-negative bacteria
%K inhibition
%K efflux pumps
%K quorum sensing
%K biofilms
%K genetic responses to antibiotic exposure
%K inhibitory agents of efflux pumps and QS
%K methods for identification of bacteria that over-express efflux pumps
%U http://www.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphar.2013.00168/abstract