%0 Journal Article
%T Race Has Always Mattered: An Intergeneration Look at Race, Space, Place, and Educational Experiences of Blacks
%A Denise G. Yull
%J Education Research International
%D 2014
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2014/683035
%X Within school settings race continues to be one of the most formidable obstacles for Black children in the United States (US) school system. This paper expands the discussions of race in education by exploring how the social links among race, space, and place provide a lens for understanding the persistence of racism in the educational experiences of Black children. This paper examines how differences in a rural versus urban geographical location influence a student＊s experience with race, racism, and racial identity across four generations of Black people in the context of school and community. Implications for research and practice are discussed. 1. Introduction More than one hundred years after W.E.B. Du Bois made his famous declaration about the color line, Black children continue to be challenged by racism in their educational journey. This is evidenced by a number of researchers who have written about the racial gap in educational outcomes between Black and White students, which include differences in standardized test scores and high school graduation rates [1每9]. Research has shown that Black students are subjected to harsher discipline than White students,and are more likely to be placed in special education classes, thus limiting their educational potential (e.g., [10每13]). This paper engages and builds on the critical discourse of race in education by exploring how the social links between race and geographical space provide a lens for understanding the persistence of racism in the educational experiences of Black children. The exploration of space examines the experiences of those living in a rural versus an urban location in one northern US state and what influences a Black student＊s experience with race, racism, and racial identity in the context of school and community. The voices of four generations of Black Americans provide an intergenerational perspective on race and racism in the school experience of Black people. The generational groups include: Elders/Silent generation (born during 1930每1949), Black Power/Baby Boomer Generation (born during 1950每1969), Generation X/Hip Hop (born during 1970每1987), and Generation Y/Millennial (born during 1988每1995). In addition to filling a void in research on the educational experiences of Blacks in the northern part of the US within an intergenerational framework, this study challenges the notion of the one size fits all approach to educational policies and programs directed at Black children. The challenges faced by Black children today require the specifics of race and space to be acknowledged
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/edri/2014/683035/