%0 Journal Article
%T Induction of Apoptosis in the Human  Prostate Cancer Cell Line DU-145 by  a Novel Micronutrient Formulation
%A M. Waheed Roomi
%A Neha Shanker
%A Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
%A Matthias Rath
%J Open Journal of Apoptosis
%P 11-21
%@ 2168-3840
%D 2015
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/ojapo.2015.41002
%X Prostate cancer, the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men, primarily affects males aged 55 and older and is more common in African Americans than Caucasians. Once the cancer has metastasized, current treatments are generally ineffective. We have identified a novel anti-neoplastic agent, a specifically designed nutrient mixture (NM), containing ascorbic acid, lysine, proline and green tea extract that demonstrates a broad spectrum of anti-tumor activity against a number of human cancer cell lines. In a previous study NM significantly inhibited prostate tumor in nude mice. In this study, we tested whether the formulation exerts its anti-tumor effects through induction of apoptosis on prostate cancer cell line DU-145. The effect of the nutrient mixture (NM) on cell growth inhibition in DU-145 cells was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Morphological changes and caspase activation associated with apoptosis induction was checked by H&E staining and Live Green Caspase assay, respectively. The NM was found to be slightly toxic to DU-145 cells at 100 ¦Ìg/ml, but significantly toxic at 500 ¦Ìg/ml and 1000 ¦Ìg/ml. Percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis also increased from 6% at 100 ¦Ìg/ml to 49% at 500 ¦Ìg/ml and 83% at 1000 ¦Ìg/ml, with greater number of cells showing morphological changes such as condensed nuclei and an acidophilic cytoplasm at higher concentrations. For the purpose of comparison, NM was also tested on a normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cell line which exhibited far less apoptosis induction as compared to DU-145 cells. The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis in case of NHDF cells was 7% at 100 ¦Ìg/ml, 25.6% at 500 ¦Ìg/ml and 76.5% at 1000 ¦Ìg/ml. Our results demonstrate that the NM is effective in inhibiting cancer cell viability and inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer DU-145 cells and can thus be used as an effective treatment for prostate cancer.
%K Prostate Cancer DU-145
%K NHDF
%K Apoptosis
%K Cytotoxicity
%K Caspase
%K MTT
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53049