%0 Journal Article
%T Indium Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Hepatic Damage: Hepatoprotective Role of Novel 2-Imino-4-methyl-1, 2-Dihydropyrimido [5, 4C] Quinoline-5(6H)-one
%A Dinesh Bheeman
%A Sinjula Cheerothsahajan
%A Sathish Sugumaran
%A Sankaran Mathan
%A Ramesh Mathan
%A Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy
%A Ranjithkumar Rajamani
%A Chandar Shekar Bellan
%J Advances in Toxicology
%D 2014
%R 10.1155/2014/641813
%X Protective role of 2-imino-4-methyl-1, 2-dihydropyrimido [5, 4C] quinoline-5(6H)-one (IMDHPQ) in indium titanium oxide nanoparticles (InTiO NPs) induced hepatotoxicity was analyzed. InTiO NPs were synthesized and given orally to albino rats to assess their hepatotoxicity. NPs mediated oxidative stress and liver tissue pathology were analyzed. Altered antioxidants (GSH, GPx, and catalase) and, biochemical (SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total protein, and total bilirubin) and histopathological changes were observed due to the oxidative stress caused by InTiO NPs. Varying effects of IMDHPQ on each parameter were observed in the present study. The altered parameters of InTiO NPs exposed rats might be due to the oxidative stress caused by NPs and hepatoprotective or ameliorative efficacy of quinoline compound IMDHPQ on signaling and molecular mechanism needs further study. 1. Introduction With the new advent of nanotechnology, industries are extensively exploiting the methods involved in nanotechnology [1, 2]. Constant exposure to the nanoparticles will induce toxic effects. It may cause many other acute and chronic toxic effects like damage to kidney, liver, and lungs and some nanoparticles are carcinogenic [3]. Nanoparticles can translocate through circulatory, lymphatic, and nervous systems to various tissues and organs and even to brain [4]. Due to the minute size, nanoparticles can penetrate through basic biological structures, impairing their normal functions. Diseases associated with inhaled nanoparticles are asthma, lung cancer, bronchitis, emphysema, and neurodegenerative disorders. Nanoparticles may cause colon cancer, blood cancer, heart disease, and cardiac arrest. Translocation to various organs like liver, kidney, and spleen may damage the organ [5]. Titanium dioxide will synthesize free radicals which may cause oxidative damage to the DNA, but new nanomaterials may have both useful and toxic effects [4, 6]. Indium compounds are highly carcinogenic to human. It also showed increased rates of hepatocellular neoplasm in mice when exposed to low dose for short period [7]. But the synergistic effect of indium and titanium oxide is yet to be known. Liver is the largest organ in the human body which is situated in upper abdomen. It is involved in major metabolisms and excretion. The major functions of liver are carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, detoxification, storage of vitamins, and secretion of bile [8]. Hepatitis, cirrhosis, and alcohol-liver diseases are the severe liver diseases. Liver diseases are mainly caused by toxic chemicals, excess
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/atox/2014/641813/