%0 Journal Article
%T Transgenic Epigenetics: Using Transgenic Organisms to Examine Epigenetic Phenomena
%A Lori A. McEachern
%J Genetics Research International
%D 2012
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2012/689819
%X Non-model organisms are generally more difficult and/or time consuming to work with than model organisms. In addition, epigenetic analysis of model organisms is facilitated by well-established protocols, and commercially-available reagents and kits that may not be available for, or previously tested on, non-model organisms. Given the evolutionary conservation and widespread nature of many epigenetic mechanisms, a powerful method to analyze epigenetic phenomena from non-model organisms would be to use transgenic model organisms containing an epigenetic region of interest from the non-model. Interestingly, while transgenic Drosophila and mice have provided significant insight into the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary conservation of the epigenetic processes that target epigenetic control regions in other model organisms, this method has so far been under-exploited for non-model organism epigenetic analysis. This paper details several experiments that have examined the epigenetic processes of genomic imprinting and paramutation, by transferring an epigenetic control region from one model organism to another. These cross-species experiments demonstrate that valuable insight into both the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary conservation of epigenetic processes may be obtained via transgenic experiments, which can then be used to guide further investigations and experiments in the species of interest. 1. Introduction Transgenic model organisms have been widely used to study a variety of epigenetic processes and mechanisms. The majority of these studies have examined epigenetic control regions (i.e., DNA sequences targeted by epigenetic modifications, also referred to herein as epigenetic sequences) that have been relocated to a novel chromosomal position in the same model organism, an approach that can provide valuable information regarding the minimum sequences required at the endogenous locus, as well as the mechanisms and proteins that contribute to epigenetic expression or repression [1¨C6]. An alternative, but less used, type of transgenic epigenetic study involves transferring an epigenetic control region from one species into another. This cross-species approach can provide valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms that act on an epigenetic sequence of interest, which may be difficult to study at the endogenous locus, and can be facilitated in transgenic studies by including easy-to-monitor reporter genes adjacent to the epigenetic sequence in the transgenic construct. In addition, this method holds tremendous potential in the study of the
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/gri/2012/689819/