%0 Journal Article
%T Molecular characterization of Gleason patterns 3 and 4 prostate cancer using reverse Warburg effect-associated genes
%A Andrew Day
%A Chris Davidson
%A David M. Berman
%A Ilinca Georgescu
%A Paul C. Park
%A R. Christopher Doiron
%A Robert J. Gooding
%A Shamini Selvarajah
%J Archive of "Cancer & Metabolism".
%D 2016
%R 10.1186/s40170-016-0149-5
%X Gleason scores (GS) 3+3 and 3+4 prostate cancers (PCa) differ greatly in their clinical courses, with Gleason pattern (GP) 4 representing a major independent risk factor for cancer progression. However, Gleason grade is not reliably ascertained by diagnostic biopsy, largely due to sampling inadequacies, subjectivity in the Gleason grading procedure, and a lack of more objective biomarker assays to stratify prostate cancer aggressiveness. In most aggressive cancer types, the tumor microenvironment exhibits a reciprocal pro-tumorigenic metabolic phenotype consistent with the reverse Warburg effect (RWE). The RWE can be viewed as a physiologic response to the epithelial phenotype that is independent of both the epithelial genotype and of direct tumor sampling. We hypothesize that differential expression of RWE-associated genes can be used to classify Gleason pattern, distinguishing GP3 from GP4 PCa foci
%K Prostate cancer
%K Gleason pattern
%K Reverse Warburg effect
%K Biomarkers
%K Gene expression
%K NanoString
%U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4857335/