%0 Journal Article
%T A combination of TLR-4 agonist and saponin adjuvants increases antibody diversity and protective efficacy of a recombinant West Nile Virus antigen
%A Andrew Fiore-Gartland
%A Brian Granger
%A Christopher Fox
%A D. Elliot Parks
%A Dan T. Stinchcomb
%A David E. Clements
%A Emily Gage
%A Neal Van Hoeven
%A Rhea N. Coler
%A Scott Winram
%A Sean Gray
%A Steven G. Reed
%A Steven Wiley
%J Archive of "NPJ Vaccines".
%D 2018
%R 10.1038/s41541-018-0077-1
%X Identification and optimization of adjuvant components results in increased neutralizing antibody titers following a single immunization with WN-80E. In order to identify and optimize an SLA containing adjuvant formulation for WN-80E, we have examined the ability of different SLA containing adjuvant formulations to augment neutralizing antibody titers in combination with recombinant WN-80E protein. WN-80E was combined with SLA formulated in Alum (SLA-Alum), in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (SLA-SE), in a liposome (SLA-Lipo) and in liposomes containing QS21 (SLA-LSQ) a. All adjuvants contained 5£¿¦Ìg of SLA. Given elevated titers observed with SLA-LSQ, amounts of QS21 b and SLA c or both in combination (SLA-LSQ) d were optimized in liposomal adjuvants to maximize WNV neutralizing antibody responses, as measured by PRNT. Neutralizing antibodies were assessed 21 days post-immunization (n£¿=£¿5/group, a¨Cc, n£¿=£¿10/group d). Bars indicate mean PRNT90 titers, dashed lines indicate the limit of detection of the assay. A dose-dependent increase in PRNT titer was observed following immunization with both QS21-Liposome and SLA-Liposome adjuvants. Significant increases relative to those observed in animals immunized with WN-80E alone are indicated (****p£¿<£¿0.0001, ***p£¿<£¿0.0005, **p£¿<£¿0.01, *p£¿<£¿0.05, one-way ANOVA). A liposomal adjuvant formulation containing 2£¿¦Ìg of QS21 and varied doses of SLA (SLA-LSQ) showed increased PRNT titers relative to WN-80E alone, and the inclusion of SLA resulted in a statistically significant increase in PRNT titer relative to animals immunized with WN-80E£¿+£¿QS21-Liposomes (#p£¿<£¿0.01, %p£¿<£¿0.05, one-way ANOVA
%U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6158298/