%0 Journal Article
%T Repeated vaccination against matched H3N2 influenza virus gives less protection than single vaccination in ferrets
%A F. Liaini Gross
%A Ian A. York
%A Jacqueline M. Katz
%A Min Z. Levine
%A Nedzad Music
%A Terrence M. Tumpey
%A Wen-Pin Tzeng
%A Wun-Ju Shieh
%A Xiyan Xu
%J Archive of "NPJ Vaccines".
%D 2019
%R 10.1038/s41541-019-0123-7
%X Serological responses to HK/4801. a ELISA (left panels) and HI (right panels) assays were performed using egg-grown HK/4801 on blood samples collected from ferrets undergoing various immunization regimens. Timing of immunizations is indicated at the bottom of the charts. Red arrows: repeat vaccination immunizations; blue arrows: current-season immunizations. Animals not receiving vaccine at a time point were mock immunized with PBS injections. The time of challenge with wild-type HK/4801 is indicated with a vertical gray dashed line. Left panels: replicate 1; right panels: replicate 2. Error bars represent one standard deviation; six ferrets per group. b As above, with replicates combined. c Statistical significances of the differences between groups, as measured using a linear mixed model with repeated measures. P-values£¿<£¿0.05 are highlighted. d Blood samples were collected 4 days before viral, and the serological response to egg-adapted HK/4801 (as included in the vaccine) or to cell-grown HK/4801 (the challenge virus) was measured using HI assays (left two panels), and MN assays (right two panels). Dots represent individual ferrets; horizontal bars represent geometric mean titers (GMT); error bars represent one standard deviation. P-values (two-sided Student¡¯s t test) are shown on the chart
%K Adaptive immunity
%K Vaccines
%K Influenza virus
%U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6616337/