%0 Journal Article
%T Heterogeneity of B£¿Cell Functions in Stroke-Related Risk, Prevention, Injury, and Repair
%A Ann M. Stowe
%A Katherine Poinsatte
%A Sterling B. Ortega
%A Uma Maheswari Selvaraj
%A Vanessa Torres
%J Archive of "Neurotherapeutics".
%D 2016
%R 10.1007/s13311-016-0460-4
%X It is well established that post-stroke inflammation contributes to neurovascular injury, blood¨Cbrain barrier disruption, and poor functional recovery in both animal and clinical studies. However, recent studies also suggest that several leukocyte subsets, activated during the post-stroke immune response, can exhibit both pro-injury and pro-recovery phenotypes. In accordance with these findings, B lymphocytes, or B cells, play a heterogeneous role in the adaptive immune response to stroke. This review highlights what is currently understood about the various roles of B cells, with an emphasis on stroke risk factors, as well as post-stroke injury and repair. This includes an overview of B cell functions, such as antibody production, cytokine secretion, and contribution to the immune response as antigen presenting cells. Next, evidence for B cell-mediated mechanisms in stroke-related risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, is outlined, followed by studies that focus on B cells during endogenous protection from stroke. Subsequently, animal studies that investigate the role of B cells in post-stroke injury and repair are summarized, and the final section describes current B cell-related clinical trials for stroke, as well as other central nervous system diseases. This review reveals the complex role of B cells in stroke, with a focus on areas for potential clinical intervention for a disease that affects millions of people globally each year
%K B lymphocyte
%K Breg
%K Hypertension
%K Atherosclerosis
%K Ischemic tolerance
%K Autoreactivity
%U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5081124/