%0 Journal Article %T Fecal microbiota transplantation: great potential with many challenges %A Richard Kellermayer %J Archive of "Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology". %D 2019 %R 10.21037/tgh.2019.05.10 %X In January of 2019, Samuel P. Costello and colleagues published a wonderfully executed, double blind placebo-controlled trial on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) versus autologous stool as placebo in mild to moderately active adult ulcerative colitis [UC: one type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)] patients. This review-commentary examines the current state of knowledge on human gut microbiome (live microbiota + their products and surrounding environment, i.e., fecal matter) and microbial therapeutics from a gastrointestinal (GI) clinician¡¯s standpoint. The varied forms of dysbiosis as the target of FMT, recipient donor and placebo considerations are also discussed in respect to randomized control trials in IBD [and the lack thereof in Crohn¡¯s disease (CD)] with this unconventional treatment modality %K Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) %K ulcerative colitis (UC) %K Crohn¡¯s disease (CD) %K microbiome %U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6556677/