%0 Journal Article
%T Extracellular S100¦Â Disrupts Bergman Glia Morphology and Synaptic Transmission in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells
%A Alex Vasilev
%A Andrey N. Shuvaev
%A Anton N. Shuvaev
%A Dariya A. Yakovleva
%A Elena A. Pozhilenkova
%A Ilya V. Potapenko
%A Marina V. Smolnikova
%A Olga S. Belozor
%J Brain Sciences | An Open Access Journal from MDPI
%D 2019
%R https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9040080
%X Astrogliosis is a pathological process that affects the density, morphology, and function of astrocytes. It is a common feature of brain trauma, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegeneration including spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), a poorly understood neurodegenerative disease. S100¦Â is a Ca 2+ binding protein. In SCA1, excessive excretion of S100¦Â by reactive astrocytes and its uptake by Purkinje cells has been demonstrated previously. Under pathological conditions, excessive extracellular concentration of S100¦Â stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and induces apoptosis. We modeled astrogliosis by S100¦Â injections into cerebellar cortex in mice. Injections of S100¦Â led to significant changes in Bergmann glia (BG) cortical organization and affected their processes. S100¦Â also changed morphology of the Purkinje cells (PCs), causing a significant reduction in the dendritic length. Moreover, the short-term synaptic plasticity and depolarization-induced suppression of synaptic transmission were disrupted after S100¦Â injections. We speculate that these effects are the result of Ca 2+-chelating properties of S100¦Â protein. In summary, exogenous S100¦Â induced astrogliosis in cerebellum could lead to neuronal dysfunction, which resembles a natural neurodegenerative process. We suggest that astrocytes play an essential role in SCA1 pathology, and that astrocytic S100¦Â is an important contributor to this process. View Full-Tex
%U https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/9/4/80