%0 Journal Article
%T Combined Microspectroscopic Characterization of a Red
%A Katsuya Okada
%A Satoru Nakashima
%J Applied Spectroscopy
%@ 1943-3530
%D 2019
%R 10.1177/0003702818823555
%X Combined microspectroscopic mapping have been conducted on a red-colored Tenzan granite sample by using an original visible–fluorescence–Raman microspectrometer together with a low vacuum scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) without coating. Visible darkfield reflectance spectra were converted to L*a*b* color values and Kubelka–Munk (KM) spectra. Large a* value (red) positions correspond to large band areas at 500–560？nm, possibly due to hematite-like iron oxide, while large b* value (yellow) positions to large band areas at 450–500？nm, due to epidote-like mineral. Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry analyses indicated that the reddish parts are Na and K-feldspars with low Fe contents (<0.5？wt%). Raman microspectroscopy could not detect hematite-like minerals. Since some hematite-like minerals were only identified by transmission electron microscope, they are considered to be submicron microcrystals disseminated in feldspar matrices. The KM spectra for prehnite-like minerals show a weak broad band around 430？nm due possibly to a ligand field band of Fe3+ without clear Fe2+–Fe3+ inter-valence charge transfer (IVCT) bands around 720？nm. Therefore, Fe in prehnite is not considered to be present as hematite-like iron oxide, but can be mainly present as Fe3+ replacing Al3+ in the crystal structure. Since determination of physicochemical states of Fe such as valence and coordination states (Fe2+ or Fe3+, oxide or in crystal lattice, etc.) and their distributions are extremely difficult, especially in complex colored materials such as rocks, the combined microspectroscopic methods are useful for their nondestructive characterization
%K Visible spectra
%K band area map
%K color values
%K Raman
%K fluorescence
%K scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry
%K SEM-EDS
%K iron
%U https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0003702818823555