%0 Journal Article
%T Evaluating the buffering and acid
%A Phumlane Selby Mdluli
%A Shenuka Singh
%A Stanley Chibuzor Onwubu
%J Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials
%@ 2280-8000
%D 2019
%R 10.1177/2280800018809914
%X This paper reports on the buffering and acid-resistant properties of a modified eggshell¨Ctitanium composite against citric acid attack. Eggshell¨Ctitanium EB-TiO2 was prepared by ball-milling eggshell powder and titanium dioxide. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize EB-TiO2. The buffering property against citric acid at pH values of 2, 4, and 5 was measured using a pH meter. Five brands of toothpaste (Colgate, Colgate Sensitive, Aquafresh, Oralwise, and Sensodyne) were used to assess the acid-resistant properties of EB-TiO2. Enamel models were simulated by dissolving each brand of toothpaste with eggshell (control) and EB-TiO2. The samples were exposed to citric acid of pH 2. The average slope (kPa/s) was measured using a pressure sensor. An analysis of variance was used to analyze the kPa/s values (¦Á =.05). The FTIR and XRD analyses suggest the surface modification of EB-TiO2. The TEM image revealed spherical-shaped particles in EB-TiO2. The pH test results showed that the buffering properties of eggshell and EB-TiO2 were comparable. Significant differences were observed in the acid resistance properties of the samples exposed to citric acids (P < .05). The Colgate toothpaste infused with eggshell powder had the highest mean kPa/s values, whereas Sensodyne infused with EB-TiO2 had the lowest kPa/s values. The salient features of this study indicate that modification of eggshell with titanium dioxide does not affect its carbonate buffering properties. Connecting the kPa/s values to acid-resistant properties, EB-TiO2 effectively reduces erosive attacks when added to toothpaste
%K Citric acid
%K eggshell powder
%K toothpaste
%K titanium dioxide
%U https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2280800018809914