%0 Journal Article
%T Analyzing the international trade
%A Ali Mohammadian Mosammam
%A Hassan Mohammadian Mosammam
%A Jamileh Tavakoli Nia
%A Mozaffar Sarrafi
%J Outlook on Agriculture
%@ 2043-6866
%D 2018
%R 10.1177/0030727018761691
%X The aim of this article was to present a ¡°snapshot¡± of Iran¡¯s total import-related food miles and associated direct environmental costs in 1999 and 2013. Based on a customized model, the import-related ¡°food miles¡± was calculated for 14 food groups. The methods used provide new insights to be obtained about how far agricultural products travel from their point of production to the main cities in Iran. We also calculated travel-related energy use and CO2 emissions based on different transport modes. Distance and agricultural products data were obtained from national and international sources. Produce arriving at the main cities in Iran were typically transported more than 15,456 km in 1999. In 2013, however, average food miles have fallen 47%, largely driven by indirect food imports. In terms of energy use, imported products accounted for 130,855 TJ of energy use in 1999; this was reduced by 10% in 2013. Moreover, these changes account for more than 10 and 9 Mt of food miles-related CO2 emissions in 1999 and 2013, respectively. There is an opportunity to re-legislate and revise policies regarding both imported and domestically grown food
%K food miles
%K agricultural products
%K CO2 emissions
%U https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0030727018761691