%0 Journal Article
%T Quantitation of neonicotinoid insecticides, plus qualitative screening for other xenobiotics, in small
%A Emily E. Graves
%A Karen A. Jelks
%A Lisa A. Tell
%A Michael S. Filigenzi
%A Robert H. Poppenga
%J Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation
%@ 1943-4936
%D 2019
%R 10.1177/1040638719834329
%X We developed and validated a liquid chromatography¨Chigh-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analytical method for quantitatively measuring pesticide concentrations in small-body avian tissue samples using homogenized 1¨C2-d-old chicken carcasses as the test matrix. We quantified the following key insecticides: sulfoxaflor (sulfoximine class) and the neonicotinoids dinotefuran, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, clothianidin, and imidacloprid. We used fortified chick carcass samples to validate method accuracy (80¨C125% recoveries), precision (<20% relative standard deviation), and sensitivity (¡Ü1.2£¿ppb) for these targeted analytes. This method also uses full-scan, high-resolution MS to screen for the presence of a wide variety of other xenobiotics in bird carcasses. The utility of our screening process was demonstrated by the detection of carbaryl in some samples. This sensitive LC-HRMS analytical method for insecticide detection in a matrix of homogenized carcass is ideal for evaluating small birds for insecticide exposure. This novel whole-carcass method may allow for research studies of small-bodied, free-ranging avian species, and could provide insight regarding their exposure to multiple classes of environmental contaminants
%K electrospray mass spectrometry
%K hummingbirds
%K insecticides
%K pesticide residues
%K pollinators
%K small-bodied birds
%U https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1040638719834329