%0 Journal Article
%T Repeated Fractions of X-Radiation to the Breast Fat Pads of Mice Augment Activation of the Autotaxin-Lysophosphatidate-Inflammatory Cycle
%J Cancers | An Open Access Journal from MDPI
%D 2019
%R https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111816
%X Breast cancer patients are usually treated with multiple fractions of radiotherapy (RT) to the whole breast after lumpectomy. We hypothesized that repeated fractions of RT would progressively activate the autotaxin¨Clysophosphatidate-inflammatory cycle. To test this, a normal breast fat pad and a fat pad containing a mouse 4T1 tumor were irradiated with X-rays using a small-animal ¡°image-guided¡± RT platform. A single RT dose of 7.5 Gy and three daily doses of 7.5 Gy increased ATX activity and decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations. The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF¦Á in plasma and of VEGF, G-CSF, CCL11 and CXCL10 in the irradiated fat pad were increased, but only after three fractions of RT. In 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice, three fractions of 7.5 Gy augmented tumor-induced increases in plasma ATX activity and decreased adiponectin levels in the tumor-associated mammary fat pad. There were also increased expressions of multiple inflammatory mediators in the tumor-associated mammary fat pad and in tumors, which was accompanied by increased infiltration of CD45+ leukocytes into tumor-associated adipose tissue. This work provides novel evidence that increased ATX production is an early response to RT and that repeated fractions of RT activate the autotaxin¨Clysophosphatidate-inflammatory cycle. This wound healing response to RT-induced damage could decrease the efficacy of further fractions of RT. View Full-Tex
%U https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/11/11/1816