%0 Journal Article
%T Cerebral Palsy and Stroke¡ªEarly and Late Brain Lesion Present Differences in Systemic Biomarkers and Gene Expression Related to Muscle Contractures
%A Jessica Pingel
%A Camille Potts
%A Theis Wolter Petersen
%A Jens Bo Nielsen
%J World Journal of Neuroscience
%P 34-47
%@ 2162-2019
%D 2021
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/wjns.2021.111005
%X <strong>Background:</strong><span><span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"> CNS lesions that are acquired early in life e.g. cerebral palsy (CP)
disturb muscle development and growth, while CNS injuries acquired later in
life e.g. stroke</span></span></span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\">,</span></span></span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"> affect fully matured muscles and <span>cause</span> paresis and atrophy. These differences may result in different contracture
phenotypes. <b>Aim:</b> The purpose of this study was to compare systemic
biomarkers and gene expression levels in muscle of individuals with CNS lesions
acquired early and later in life. <b>Methods:</b> Blood samples and muscle
biopsies were analyzed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Real-time
PCR from n = 24 control participants, n = 14 individuals with cerebral palsy,
and n = 12 stroke survivors. <b>Results:</b> <b>Systemic</b> <b>markers:</b> Myostatin was significantly decreased in both the cerebral palsy (p = 0.0051<span>),</span> and the stroke group (p = 0.036). Creatine
Kinase-MB and C-Reactive Protein were significantly elevated in stroke patients
only (p &lt; 0.007 &amp; p &gt; 0.034 respectively). <b>Gene</b> <b>expressions:</b> The expression of myostatin (MSTN) was significantly lower in both the ST and
the CP group when compared to Ctrl (p = 0.02). <span>In
addition</span>, collagen type 4A1 (COL4A1) was significantly lower in the CP
group compared to the other groups (p = 0.015). Finally, the troponin 1 slow
skeletal muscle type was significantly increased in the ST group when compared
to both CP and Ctrl (p = 0.03). <b>Conclusion:</b> The downregulation of
myostatin in individuals with both early and late CNS injury is likely a
compensatory reaction to muscle weakness, reduced muscle mass <span>and</span>/or muscle atrophy. Changes in gene
expression may reflect <span>a specific</span> alteration depending on when in life the CNS lesions were acquired.</span></span></span>
%K Cerebral Palsy
%K Stroke
%K Biomarkers
%K Creatin Kinase
%K Myostatin
%K C-Reactive Protein
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=107383