%0 Journal Article
%T THE TOTAL PEOPLE'S DEFENSE AND SECURITY SYSTEM: PROBLEMS OF THE STATE-SPONSORED MILITIA IN INDONESIA
%A Bhatara Ibnu Reza
%J -
%D 2017
%R http://dx.doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v7n2.319
%X The establishment of state-sponsored militia has raised concerns of human rights violations in non-international armed conflict in Indonesia. Most of the state-sponsored militia have been formed and tacitly supported by the Indonesian National Defense Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia) mostly based on the implementation of a concept called the Total People¡¯s Defense and Security System (sistem pertahanan rakyat semesta-sishankamrata). The Total People¡¯s Defense and Security System is the grand strategy adopted based on Indonesia¡¯s experience during Indonesia¡¯s physical revolution or armed struggle for independence (1945-1949) and recognized under the Second Amendment to the 1945 Constitution. This article will elaborate on, first, the constitutional history and ideology of ¡®total people¡¯s defense¡¯ which contributes to the political ideology of the military and its relations with the existence of militia groups; and second, the active encouragement of militia abuses by the Indonesian military as part of a campaign to maintain control of regions seeking independence, along with the constraints imposed by the military itself on the manner in which it conducts such campaign
%K Total People¡¯s Defense and Security System
%K State-sponsored militia
%K Military
%K Constitution
%U http://ilrev.ui.ac.id/index.php/home/article/view/319