%0 Journal Article
%T Evaluation of Efficacy of Insecticides and Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets for Control of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> Say Populations from Northern Nigeria
%A Jamila A. Datti
%A Muhammad M. Mukhtar
%A Maimuna T. Usman
%A Bilkisu I. Abba
%A Binta G. Kurfi
%A Sulaiman S. Ibrahim
%J Advances in Entomology
%P 186-203
%@ 2331-2017
%D 2022
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/ae.2022.102014
%X Information on </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Culex </span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">mosquitoes (vectors of filarial worm and
viral encephalitis) from northern Nigeria is scanty, hindering evidence-based
control. Here, two </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Culex </span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">populations (Kano and Kaduna) were
characterized. </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Culex quinquefasciatus</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> and </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Culex pipiens</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> were
found breeding in sympatry, with some hybrid individuals identified. Larval
bioassays revealed high temephos resistance (LC</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">50</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">s = 1.34 mg/mL and
3.01 mg/mL for Kano and Kaduna, respectively). Larvae were more sensitive to </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">¦Á</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">-cypermethrin (LC</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">50</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">s = 0.026
mg/mL and 0.067 mg/mL for Kano and Kaduna). WHO adult tube bioassays revealed
high pyrethroid and DDT resistance, with mortalities of 44.01% ¡À 6.79%, 35.83%
¡À 12.58%, 29.69% ¡À 9.97% and 52.47% ¡À 4.34% for permethrin, deltamethrin, </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">¦Á</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">-cypermethrin and DDT, respectively.
Highest resistance was observed with bendiocarb (mortality = 13.58% ¡À 3.98%).
High resistance was obtained with fenitrothion and malathion (mortalities = 21%
¡À 4.76% and 56.47% ¡À 8.67%, respectively), while a full susceptibility was
observed with pirimiphos-methyl. Pre-exposure to piperonylbutoxide (PBO)
significantly recovered </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">¦Á</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">-cypermethrin
susceptibility (mortality = 82% ¡À 5.16%, </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">¦Ö</span></i><sup><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2</span></sup><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> = 50.99, p &lt; 0.0001), compared with the conventional bioassay (mortality =
32 ¡À 7.30). Mortalities of &lt;20% were obtained in cone bioassays with
Yorkool, DuraNet and PermaNet3.0 (side panels) nets, suggesting a loss of
efficacy of conventional long-lasting insecticidal nets. However, mortalities
of 99% and 86% were obtained in Kano and Kaduna populations using the roof of
PermaNet3.0 (containing PBO and
%K &lt
%K i&gt
%K Culex quinquefasciatus&lt
%K /i&gt
%K Metabolic
%K Resistance
%K Insecticides
%K LLINs
%K PBO
%K P450s
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=116862