%0 Journal Article
%T Effects of Image Presentation Using a Head-Mounted Display on Muscle and Brain Activity during Swallowing
%A Kengo Hoyano
%A Yasuhiro Ogoshi
%J World Journal of Neuroscience
%P 68-81
%@ 2162-2019
%D 2022
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/wjns.2022.122008
%X <strong>Introduction:</strong>It is well known that humans have an increased sense of taste and
consume more food when eating with others. This effect is called social
facilitation of eating. We previously reported that self-images also have the
effect of social facilitation of eating. In the present study, we investigated
the<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>effect of a head-mounted
display (HMD) as a means of presenting self-images.<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><b>Methods:</b><span class=\"apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>Fourteen healthy adults (7 females and
7 males) were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 20.4
years. The experimental conditions were as follows: the presentation conditions
include the SG condition, in which an image was projected on the smart glasses,
and the MT condition, in which an image was projected on the monitor. The
stimulation conditions include the self-image condition (Self condition), in
which the participant¡¯s own image was projected, and the background image
condition (Background condition), in which the background image was projected.
Participants were asked to consume green tea jelly three times under the four
conditions, which consisted of combinations of the presentation and stimulation
conditions. Electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalography (EEG)<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>were used to measure the muscle
activity of the suprahyoid muscle group and brain activity, respectively.<span class=\"apple-converted-space\"><b>&nbsp;</b></span><b>Results:</b><span class=\"apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>The EMG of the ¡°SG-Self¡± condition was
significantly higher than that of ¡°SG-Background¡± and ¡°MT-Background¡±
conditions. The EMG of the ¡°MT-Self¡± condition was significantly higher than
that of the ¡°MT-Background¡± condition. In the EEG before the start of
swallowing, ¡°SG-Self¡± was significantly lower in the alpha band and higher in
the beta band than ¡°MT-Background¡±. The beta-alpha ratio was significantly
higher for ¡°SG-Self¡± than for ¡°SG-Background¡± and ¡°MT-Background¡± and higher
for ¡°MT-Self¡± than for ¡°MT-Background¡±.<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><b>Conclusion:</b><span class=\"apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>These results suggest that self-images
influence muscle and brain activities during swallowing, regardless of the
presentation conditions, such as HMD or monitor.
%K Social Facilitation
%K Swallowing
%K Electroencephalography (EEG)
%K Electromyography (EMG)
%K Diet Modification for Dysphagia
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=117087