%0 Journal Article
%T Candidate Vaccines against Tuberculosis and the Future of Novel TB Vaccine Research
%A Ochran Chetty
%A Cohen Chetty
%J Journal of Tuberculosis Research
%P 230-250
%@ 2329-8448
%D 2022
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/jtr.2022.104018
%X <b><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Introduction:</span></b><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a global health
challenge and currently only one licensed vaccine is available. For nearly 100
years</span></span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">,</span></span><span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> the Bacillus Calmette-Gu¨Śrin (BCG) vaccine has been in use. While it
provides protection against disseminated TB in infants, its protection against
adult and adolescent pulm</span><span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">onary tuberculosis
(PTB) is variable. This literature review will provide an overview of the
clinical status of candidate TB vaccines and discuss the challenges and future
development trends of novel TB vaccine research, in combination with a general
overview of the Tuberculosis (TB) disease and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
itself. </span><b><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Methods:</span></b><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> Bibliographic searches were carried out on medical
journal databases, publishers, and aggregators. The most used datab</span></span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">ases
were PubMed, NCBI and MDPI. Publications in English on these and other
databases relating to novel TB vaccines were included in this review. </span><b><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Results:</span></b><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> Currently, there are 12 main vaccine candidates in various phases of clinica</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">l trials, they include four protein or adjuvant
vaccines, three viral-vectored vaccines, three mycobacterial whole cells or
extract vaccines, and one each of the recombinant li</span></span></span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">fe</span></span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> and the attenuated
Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine. Currently, the most likely candidate
vaccines are the M72 + AS01E and Va</span></span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">ccae vaccines. M72</span></span><span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">+</span></span><span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">AS01E is </span></span><span
%K Tuberculosis
%K Novel TB Vaccines
%K Clinical Trials
%K Bacillus Calmette-Gu&#233
%K rin (BCG)
%K Tuberculosis Prevention
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=122096