%0 Journal Article
%T Limbic Encephalitis and Autoimmune Encephalitides: Pathophysiology, Classification, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment
%A Homayun Shahpesandy
%J World Journal of Neuroscience
%P 39-66
%@ 2162-2019
%D 2023
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/wjns.2023.131004
%X Limbic encephalitis represents a cluster of<span> </span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\">autoimmune</span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"> disorders, with i</span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\">nflammation in the medial temporal lobe
characterised by the subacute onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as
anxiety, affective symptoms, psychosis, short-term memory impairment, as well
as faciobrachial and grand mal sei<span>zures. The
limbic system is a complex anatomical structure which this paper </span><span>seeks to explain in terms of its anatomy and
physiology, before exploring</span> what happens when it is impaired as is the
case of autoimmune and limbic <span>encephalitis.
We will discuss the pathophysiology, clinical symptomatology</span> and
diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis, a cluster of symptoms which can <span>be easily overlooked or misdiagnosed within
psychiatric settings. Charac</span>teristic indicators of autoimmune
encephalitis include neurologic symptoms such <span>as
facial twitching, seizures, confusion, and cognitive decline; however, our ex</span>perience
realises that autoimmune encephalitis is not easy to identify as most patients
initially present with psychiatric symptomatology rather than these
neurological symptoms. Furthermore, immunological and laboratory testing<span> take</span></span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\">a long time to diagnose the condition. Importantly, few psychiatrists
consider the autoimmune nature of the neuropsychiatric presentation. It is
hence vital to consider autoimmune encephalitis in all</span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"> patients
with atypical presentations.</span>
%K Limbic System
%K Limbic and Autoimmune Encephalitides
%K Symptomatology
%K Treatment
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=123145