%0 Journal Article
%T Microwave-Assisted Transition Metal Nanostructure Synthesis: Power-Law Signature Verification
%A Victor J. Law
%A Denis P. Dowling
%J American Journal of Analytical Chemistry
%P 326-349
%@ 2156-8278
%D 2023
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/ajac.2023.148018
%X A power-law (<i>y = cx<sup>n</sup></i>) signature between process energy budget (kJ) and process energy density (kJ&middot;ml<sup>-1</sup>) of microwave-assisted synthesis of silver and gold nanostructures has been recently described [Law and Denis. AJAC, 14(4), 149-174, (2023)]. This study explores this relation further for palladium, platinum, and zinc oxide nanostructures. Parametric cluster analysis and statistical analysis is used to test the power-law signature of over four orders of magnitude as a function of six microwave applicator-types metal precursor, non-Green Chemistry synthesis and claimed Green Chemistry. It is found that for the claimed Green Chemistry, process energy budget ranges from 0.291 to 900 kJ, with a residual error ranging between &minus;33 to +25.9 kJ&middot;ml<sup>-1</sup>. The non-Green Chemistry synthesis has a higher process energy budget range from 3.2 kJ to 3.3 MJ, with a residual error of &minus;33.3 to +245.3 kJ&middot;ml<sup>-1</sup>. It is also found that the energy profile over time produced by software controlled digestion applicators is poorly reported which leads to residual error problematic outliers that produce possible phase-transition in the power-law signature. The original Au and Ag database and new Pd, Pt and ZnO database (with and without problematic outliers) yield a global microwave-assisted synthesis power-law signature constants of <i>c</i> = 0.7172 ¡À 0.3214 kJ&middot;ml<sup>-1</sup> at x-axes = 0.001 kJ, and the exponent, <i>n</i> = 0.791 ¡À 0.055. The information in this study is aimed to understand variations in historical microwave-assisted synthesis processes, and develop new scale-out synthesis through process intensification.
%K Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
%K Pd
%K Ag
%K Pt
%K Au
%K ZnO
%K Power-Law
%K Residual Error
%K Statistical Analysis
%K Parametric Cluster Analysis
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=127352