%0 Journal Article
%T Basic Research on Developing Methods for Teaching and Evaluating Off-Ball Movement  in Elementary Physical Education Soccer:  A Comparison of Game Performance with Regional Soccer Club
%A Koichi Inoue
%A Hideki Matsubara
%J Advances in Physical Education
%P 195-207
%@ 2164-0408
%D 2023
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/ape.2023.134017
%X In upper elementary school physical education, the
primary focus of ball</span></span></span><span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> games is on teaching students how to play offense and defense in groups.
However, th<span>ere is a lack of consideration
regarding how to teach and evaluate gro</span>up m<span>ovement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to obtain data for th</span>e
d<span>evelopment of teaching and evaluation
methods for off-the-ball group</span> movement in elementary school soccer
classes. In a soccer game, the occurrence rate of the Around Defender Diamond
Shape (ADDS) formation, the passing success rate, and the number of players who
could receive the ball were comparatively analyzed among three groups:
5th-grade students from H Elementar<span>y School
(HS5 students), 4th-grade students from G Soccer Club (GC</span>4 students),
and 5th-grade students from G Soccer Club (GC5 students). The following results
were observed:</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> 1) </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\">The occurrence rate of the ADDS formation was
significantly higher among GC4 students (52.5%) and GC5 students (56.3%)
compared to HS5 students (27.8%).</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> 2) </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\">The passing success rate was significantly higher
among GC5 students (50.5%) compared to HS5 students (28<span>.6%).</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> 3) </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\">A significant difference was
observed in the number of pla</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\">yers who could receive the ball, with HS5 students
exhibiting a higher occurrence rate (27.8%) of cases in which four players
could receive the ball compared to GC4 students (15.1%). From the above, it can
be inferred that off-ball group mov<span>ement is a
learnable tactical task for fourth and fifth grade element</span>ary school
students. Furthermore, there is a need for novel indicators for teaching and
evaluating collaborative movement in groups. The ADDS formation may be one such
indicator.
%K Elementary School
%K Physical Education
%K Regional Club
%K Off-Ball Movement
%K Support
%K Around Defender Diamond Shape
%K Teaching Methods
%K Evaluation Methods
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=127773