%0 Journal Article
%T The Pionic Deuterium and the Pion Tetrahedron Vacuum Polarization
%A Rami Rom
%J Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology
%P 329-345
%@ 2380-4335
%D 2024
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/jhepgc.2024.101024
%X A double-well potential model is proposed for the pionic deuterium that enables to calculate the energy split, the potential barrier height and estimate the pion tetrahedron edge length. We propose that pion tetrahedrons, <i>¦Ð<sup>Td</sup></i> = <i>u<i><sub>d</sub><sup style=\"margin-left:-8px;\">~</sup></i>d&utilde;</i>, play a central role in the Yukawa interaction by enabling quark exchange reactions between protons and neutrons by tunneling through a potential barrier. A vacuum polarization Feynman diagram is proposed for the <i>¦Ð<sup>Td</sup></i> having chains of fermion loops for the two valence quarks and anti-quarks connected by gluons. With a higher order vacuum polarization diagram, the <i>d</i> and <i>u</i> quark loops are interleaved and the chiral symmetry is broken dynamically. The proposed <i>¦Ð<sup>Td</sup></i> vacuum polarization integral does not diverge in both the IR and UV limits and vanishes in the limit of an infinite pion tetrahedron condensate. We propose a new Delbruck scattering Feynman diagram that includes <i>d</i> and <i>u</i> quark and anti-quark interleaved loops. We further propose that conversion of gravitons to photons may occur via quark and anti-quark loops that describe the pion tetrahedrons dynamics in the vacuum and may also transfer gravitational waves.
%K Pionic Deuterium (&lt
%K i&gt
%K ¦Ð&lt
%K /i&gt
%K D)
%K Yukawa Interaction
%K QCD Vacuum
%K Double-Well Potential
%K Chiral Perturbation Theory
%K Vacuum Polarization
%K Gravitational Waves
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=130928