%0 Journal Article
%T Geographies of Chemical Warfare in Vietnam: The Merry Band of Retirees
%A Bryan R. Higgins
%J Open Journal of Soil Science
%P 530-536
%@ 2162-5379
%D 2024
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/ojss.2024.149027
%X This review explores the recent development of research on rainbow herbicides as chemical weapons and the geographies of chemical warfare in what is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. While the use and impacts of Agent Orange have previously been well documented, the production and extensive application of five other rainbow agents by the United States military has only recently been investigated in detail. What is exceptional about this research of chemical warfare landscapes is that the 23 refereed journal publications in this review were designed, implemented, and published in a unique collective research project by Ken Olson and a Merry Band of Military Retirees. Their groundbreaking research portfolio includes many geographical dimensions and the political ecology of chemical warfare. This includes the extensive exposure of civilians in Vietnam to these chemical agents, exposure of US military personnel in Southeast Asia and Panama, exposure of civilians near the private industrial sites that produced these rainbow agents in North America and the hazardous soil contamination that perseveres at these sites in Vietnam and the US. Given this impressive research depth and global scope, this review explores the unique way this research portfolio was developed by a Merry Band of Retirees through an interview with its leader, Ken Olson. It examines the goals and ethical orientation of these military veterans, the political ecology involved, the creative strategies they utilized to produce this innovative research, and how they changed the way Veterans exposed to chemical warfare agents are treated by the US government.
%K Chemical Warfare
%K Rainbow Agents
%K Geography
%K Merry Band of Retirees
%K Political Ecology
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=136215