Corrosion scales play an important role in modifying water quality in drinking water distribution systems. The corrosion scales from old water pipe lines were analyzed for their structure and composition. This paper presents the results of comprehensive study of deposits found in water distribution system of Ulhasnagar city of Maharashtra, India. Scales were investigated by XRD, FTIR, SEM and ED’s analytical techniques. It was found that goethite, magnetite, lepidocrocite, hematite and Akaganite were identified as the primary constituents of brown deposits. The corrosion scales had a shell-like, enveloping layer, covering porous deposits of iron oxide phases. Our studies were able to identify important constituents of three different pipes of water distribution systems. Akaganite was found to be present in chloride environment. Along with iron hydroxide phases it was found that corrosion product also contain some organic matter which may be due to adsorption of biofilm on the surface of pipe. Further studies are needed to establish the role of corrosion scales in the mechanism of iron release from corroded pipes.
References
[1]
Heryong Jung, Unij Kim, Gyutae Seo, Hyundong Lee and Chunsik Lee, (2009) Environmental Engineering Research, Vol.14, No.3, 195-199.
[2]
T.S. Rao, T.N. Sairam, B. Vishwanathan and K.V.K. Nair, (2000) Corrosion Science, Vol.42, No.8, 147-131.
[3]
P. Sarin, V. L. Snoeyink, J. Bebee, W. M. Kriven and J. A. Clement, (2001) Water Research. Vol. 35, no. 12, 2961–2969.
[4]
Benjamin M.M.Sontheimer H. and Leroy P.(1996) Corrosion of Iron and Steel in Internal Corrosion of Water Distribution Systems,Cooperative Research Report,AWWA Research Foundation,Denver Co.
[5]
Lechevallier M.W.Lowry C.D.,Lee R.G. and Gibbon D.L.(1993) Journal of AWWA,85(7), 111-123.
[6]
S,A, Imran, J.D. Dietz, G. Mutoti, J.S. Taylor, A.A. Randall and C.D. Cooper, (2005) Journal AWWA, Vol.97, No.9, 93-100.
[7]
Zhe Zhang Janet E.Stout Victor L. Yu, Radisav Vidic, (2008) Water Research,Vol.42,129-136.
O.M. Zachus, M.J. Lehtola, L.K. Korhonen and P.J. Martikainen, (2001) Water Research, Vol.35, No.7, 1757-1765.
[10]
M.W.Lechevallier,T.W.Babcock and R.G. (1987) Applied and Environmental Biology,Vol.53,No.12,2714-2724.
[11]
Ravin K.P.Jain A. and Loeppert R.H.,(1998) Environ.Sci.Technology,32(32) 3, 344-349.
[12]
ESPA Arsenic Guidelines
[13]
Larson and Skold R.V. (1957) J.AWWA,Vol.49,1294-1301.
[14]
Viraghavan T; Subramanian K.S.Rao and Rao B.V. (1996) Journal Environmental Science Health Association 31(8),2005-2016.
[15]
Felix Excheverria ,Juan G. Castano, Carlos Arroyave, Gustrao Penuela Auxilo Ramirez and Jordi Morato, J.AWWA (2009) Vol.17 No.2,275-281.
[16]
Gauthier, J.M. Portal, Y. Yvon, C Rosin, J.C. Block, V. Lahoussine, S. Benabdallah, J. Cavard, D. Gatel and S. Fass, (2001) Water Science and Technology, Water Supply, Vol.1, No.4, PP 89-94.
[17]
Geldreich E.E. Internal Corrosion and Deposition Control in Water Quality and Treatment , McGraw Hill, New York,1990.
[18]
Wang Zise, Xu Chunchun, CAO Xia, and Xu Ben, (2007). Chin.JournalChem.Eng;15(3), 433-438
[19]
H. Komada. Technical bulletin 1985-1E”. Research Program Service, Minister of Supply and Services, pp. 198. Ottawa, Canada.
[20]
E. Contreras, E. Leal and M. I. Martínez. (2004) RevistaTécnica de la Facultad de Ingeniería. Universidad del Zulia. Vol. 27 No 2,114-122.
[21]
S. Music, G. P. Santana, G. Smit and V.K. Garg. (1998) Journal of Alloys and Compounds.Vol. 278 No. 1, 291-301.
[22]
A.I.J. Mendham, R.C. Denney, J.D. Barnes, and M. Thomas, (2000) Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis,6th Edition ,720-744.