Immunotoksyczne i immunosupresyjne dzia anie rodowiska na organizm pszczo y miodnej (Apis mellifera L.)

Immunosuppression as a result of environment pollution and polluted ford plays a bigger and bigger role in the pathology of human beings and animals. It is a well known deleterious effect of heavy metals, pesticides, fertilizers, plastics on the immune system of the honey bee. The increased levels, even at permissible limits, of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, nickel, cadmium and lead, destroy the haemocytic immune responses. The level of protective immunity in wintering honey bees is lower than that in bees before and after wintering. Even sublethal pesticide intoxications suppress the immune responses of the honey bee brood and bees.