Free convective phenomena in a tilted enclosure filled with water-Al2O3 nanofluid

The influences of Prandtl number and tilted angle of a partially heated inclined rectangular cavity on free convection flow phenomena with Soret and Dufour coefficients are analyzed numerically. The enclosure is filled with Al2O3 nanofluid. The top surface has constant temperature Tc, while bottom surface is partially heated Th, with Th > Tc. The concentration in top wall is maintained higher than bottom wall (Cc < Ch). The remaining bottom wall and the two vertical walls are considered adiabatic. Water is considered as the base fluid. By the Penalty Finite Element Method the governing equations are solved. The effects of the Prandtl number and tilted angle of enclosure on the flow pattern and heat and mass transfer have been depicted. Comprehensive average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, average temperature and concentration and mid-height horizontal and vertical velocities inside the cavity are presented as functions of the governing parameters mentioned above. The structure of the fluid streamlines, isotherms and iso-concentrations within the enclosure is found to significantly depend upon the Pr and ψ. Average concentration and temperature increase slightly for growing ψ and falling Pr.