Endoscopic Sclerotherapy for Bleeding Oesophageal Varices: Experience in Gezira State, Sudan

Introduction: Bleeding due to oesophageal varices is the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage in Gezira State, Central Sudan. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EST) is a valuable therapeutic modality for the management of variceal bleeding. Other options for treatment such as variceal band ligation are either expensive or unavailable. Objectives: A retrospective study to evaluate the outcome of (EST) in the management of bleeding oesophageal varices due to portal hypertension in Gezira State, the centre of a developing country, Sudan. Methods: A total of 1073 patients, during 2001–2010, were carefully selected particularly those with bleeding oesophageal varices consequent to portal hypertension. EST was performed using a standard technique and ethanolamine oleate (5%) was utilized as sclerosing agent. Results: There were 777 males (72.4%) and 296 females (27.6%) in a ratio of 2.6. The causes of portal hypertension were found to be schistosomal periportal fibrosis (PPF) in 1001 (93.3%) patients, liver cirrhosis in 60 (5.5%) mixed PPF and cirrhosis in seven (0.7%) and portal vein thrombosis in five (0.5%) patients. Full obliteration of varices required a mean of four sessions with a range of 2–6. In the present study 350 (32.6%) patients have been followed up until complete sclerosis of varices. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that endoscopic injection sclerotherapy is an important component in the management of bleeding oesophageal varices caused by hypertension. It is a safe and effective procedure.