A Bio-mathematical Approach to Evaluate the Risk Burden of Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia in Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in both developed and developing countries, owing to significant increase in the intake of high-energy foods, reduced physical activity, and an increase in psychosocial stress, which in turn lead to dysglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The incidence of CVD in diabetics is very high that is further aggravated by co-morbidities such as hyperlipidemia and/or hypertension. The purpose of this study is to mathematically model the dynamics of CVD in diabetic population with hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Here, the mathematical model is a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The steady states of the model are computed and their stability is studied. Numerical simulations are performed on the model, and conditions for controlling CVD in diabetics are derived. The results of this analysis suggest that the extent of control of hyperlipidemia and hypertension directly correlates with decrease in CVD development in the diabetic population. Early diagnosis of the modifiable risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension, followed by effective clinical management to regulate blood lipid levels and blood pressure in diabetics would greatly reduce the burden of cardiovascular complications in diabetic populations.