The Role of DNA in Forensic Odontology (Part I) DNA Analysis Methods

During the last years, DNA analysis methods are applied to forensic cases. Also, forensic dental record comparison has been used for human identification in cases where destruction of bodily tissues or prolonged exposure to the environment has made other means of identification impractical, i.e., after fire exposure, aircraft inflammation or mass disasters. Dental DNA represent an excellent source of genomic DNA. The interest in using dental tissues as a DNA-source of individual identification falls within the particular character of resistance of this organ towards physical or chemical exterior aggressions. DNA can be used for determination of the found remains identity. The identification of individuals is not the only use for DNA. The technique has allowed criminal investigators to link victims to crime scenes once the body has been removed and incinerated. Therefore, it is prudent for the forensic odontologist to become familiar with the DNA analysis methods. The purpose of the Part I of this report is to review of the DNA structure and explain of some common terms which are used for the description of current methods of DNA analysis. Furthermore, the importance of mitochondrial DNA is reported because of its difference from the nuclear or chromosomal DNA in a number of ways that make it an attractive alternative for forensic analysis.