全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
Humanities  2012 

Humanity’s Bioregional Places: Linking Space, Aesthetics, and the Ethics of Reinhabitation

DOI: 10.3390/h1010080

Keywords: bioregionalism, aesthetics, ethics, environmental thought

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Originally theorized as a radical environmental movement, bioregionalism connects humanity to the specificities of a place. To establish greater cohesion between environments and cultures, bioregionalism endeavors to integrate societal activities and the nuances of natural spaces known as bioregions. The criticism of bioregionalism, however, pertains to the shortcomings of circumscribing culture within ecological boundaries. In light of its criticism, bioregionalism can strengthen its theoretical basis and its potential for cultural change by engaging critically with space, aesthetics, and ethics. This engagement first involves the recognition of bioregionalism as an ethical possibility based on the fundamental spatial unit of the watershed. A watershed comprises vital regional ecological processes, bearing discrete aesthetic properties and patterns. Through the sensuous possibilities of watersheds, a bioregional aesthetic can be integrated with an ethic of reinhabitation. The relation between space, aesthetics, and ethics gives form to and sustains the experience of place, which is intrinsically related to promoting the awareness of ecological sustainability.

References

[1]  E. Relph. Place and Placelessness. London, UK: Pion, 1976, p. 3.
[2]  E. Brady. “Aesthetics, ethics and environmental conservation.” In Aesthetics of the Natural Environment. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 2003, pp. 224–254.
[3]  A.T. Hibbard. Clarke Galleries. Paintings and Sculptures, Available online: http://www.clarkegalleries.com/hibbard/hibbard_ctrivervalley.html (accessed on 8 May 2012).
[4]  Connecticut River Watershed Council. “Conte Refuge Action Plan.” Available online: http://www.ctriver.org/about_river/watershed_geo.html (accessed on 1 June 2008).
[5]  J. Parsons. “On ‘bioregionalism’ and ‘watershed consciousness’.” Prof. Geogr.?37?(1985): 1–6, doi:10.1111/j.0033-0124.1985.00001.x.
[6]  L. Lippard. The Lure of the Local: Senses of Place in a Multicentered Society. New York, NY, USA: The New Press, 1997, p. 35.
[7]  M. Lewis. Green Delusions: An Environmentalist Critique of Radical Environmentalism. Durham, NC, USA: Duke University Press, 1993, p. 86.
[8]  T. Berry. The Dream of the Earth. San Francisco, CA, USA: Sierra Club Books, 1988, p. 86.
[9]  P. Berg, and R. Dasmann. “Reinhabiting California.” The Ecologist?7?(1977): 399.
[10]  G. Snyder. A Place in Space: Ethics, Aesthetics, and Watersheds: New and Selected Prose. Washington, DC, USA: Counterpoint, 1995, pp. 190–191.
[11]  B.E. Goldstein. “Combining science and place-based knowledge: Pragmatic and visionary approaches to bioregional understanding.” In Bioregionalism. Edited by M.V. McGinnis. London, UK: Routledge, 1999, p. 158.
[12]  E. Relph. Place and Placelessness. London, UK: Pion, 1976, p. 145.
[13]  D. Alexander. “Bioregionalism: The need for a firmer theoretical foundation.” Trumpeter?13?(1996): 1–7.
[14]  D. Alexander. “Bioregionalism: Science or sensibility?” Environ. Ethics?12?(1990): 161–173.
[15]  M. Smith. An Ethics of Place: Radical Ecology, Postmodernity, and Social Theory. Albany, NY, USA: State University of New York Press, 2001, p. 212.
[16]  Ibid.
[17]  S. Frenkel. “Old theories in new places? Environmental determinism and bioregionalism.” Prof. Geogr.?46?(1994): 289–295, doi:10.1111/j.0033-0124.1994.00289.x.
[18]  Ibid.
[19]  M. McGinnis, F. House, and W. Jordan. “Bioregional restoration: Re-establishing an ecology of shared identity.” In Bioregionalism. Edited by M.V. McGinnis. London, UK: Routledge, 1999, p. 212.
[20]  D. Flores. “Place: Thinking about bioregional history.” In Bioregionalism. Edited by M.V. McGinnis. London, UK: Routledge, 1999, p. 48.
[21]  T. Berry. The Dream of the Earth. San Francisco, CA, USA: Sierra Club Books, 1988, p. 170.
[22]  R. Thayer. LifePlace: Bioregional Thought and Practice. Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press, 2003, p. 154.
[23]  K. Sale. Dwellers in the Land: The Bioregional Vision. San Francisco, CA, USA: Sierra Club Books, 1985, pp. 55–56.
[24]  P. Berg, and R. Dasmann. “Reinhabiting California.” The Ecologist?7?(1977): 399.
[25]  D. Aberley. Boundaries of Home: Mapping for Local Empowerment. Gabriola Island, Canada: New Society Publishers, 1993, p. 37.
[26]  J. Dodge. “Living by life: Some bioregional theory and practice.” Coevol. Q.?32?(1981): 7–8.
[27]  D. Flores. “Place: Thinking about bioregional history.” In Bioregionalism. Edited by M.V. McGinnis. London, UK: Routledge, 1999, p. 47.
[28]  D. Aberley. ““Mapping bioregions”.” In North American Bioregional Congress Proceedings; Oxford, UK: Hart Publishing, 1987, p. 88.
[29]  J. Parsons. “On ‘bioregionalism’ and ‘watershed consciousness’.” Prof. Geogr.?37?(1985): 1. Peter Berg quoted in Parsons, J., doi:10.1111/j.0033-0124.1985.00001.x.
[30]  G. Snyder. A Place in Space: Ethics, Aesthetics, and Watersheds: New and Selected Prose. Washington, DC, USA: Counterpoint, 1995, p. 229.
[31]  M. McGinnis. “Boundary creatures and bounded spaces.” In Bioregionalism. Edited by M.V. McGinnis. London, UK: Routledge, 1999, p. 63.
[32]  G. Marshall. “Step one: Mapping the biosphere.” In Boundaries of Home: Mapping for Local Empowerment. Gabriola Island, Canada: New Society Publishers, 1993, pp. 54–55.
[33]  C. Klyza. “Bioregional possibilities in Vermont.” In Bioregionalism. Edited by M.V. McGinnis. London, UK: Routledge, 1999, p. 87.
[34]  P. Black. Watershed Hydrology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall, 1991, p. 248.
[35]  Ibid. p. 249.
[36]  Ibid. p. 11.
[37]  Ibid. p. 11.
[38]  Ibid. p. 250.
[39]  R. Thayer. LifePlace: Bioregional Thought and Practice. Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press, 2003, p. 188.
[40]  Ibid. p. 191.
[41]  E. Odum. Fundamentals of Ecology. Philadelphia, PA, USA: WB Saunders Company, 1971, p. 20.
[42]  US Environmental Protection Agency. “Why watersheds?” Available online: http://www.epa.gov/owow/watershed/why.html (accessed on 20 March 2012).
[43]  Ibid.
[44]  J. Woodward. Waterstained Landscapes: Seeing and Shaping Regionally Distinctive Places. Baltimore, MD, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000, p. 13.
[45]  F. Sibley. “Aesthetic concepts.” Phil. Rev.,?1959, 64–87.
[46]  R. Thayer. LifePlace: Bioregional Thought and Practice. Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press, 2003, p. 37.
[47]  Ibid. p. 37.
[48]  E. Brady. “Aesthetics, ethics and environmental conservation.” In Aesthetics of the Natural Environment. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 2003, pp. 224–254.
[49]  Ibid. p. 5.
[50]  Ibid. p. 5.
[51]  R. Thayer. LifePlace: Bioregional Thought and Practice. Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press, 2003, p. 98.
[52]  H. Rolston. “From beauty to duty: Aesthetics of nature and environmental ethics.” In Environment and the Arts. Edited by A. Berleant. Burlington, VT, USA: Ashgate Publishing, 2002, p. 133.
[53]  Y. Tuan. “Surface phenomena and aesthetic explanation.” Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr.?79?(1989): 233.
[54]  A. Carlson. “Appreciating art and appreciating nature.” In Landscape, Natural Beauty and the Arts. Edited by S. Kemal, and I. Gaskell. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 208.
[55]  Ibid. p. 219.
[56]  M. Eaton. “The beauty that requires health.” In Placing Nature: Culture and Landscape Ecology. Edited by J.I. Naussauer. Washington, DC, USA: Island Press, 1997, p. 90.
[57]  Ibid. p. 92.
[58]  Ibid. p. 92.
[59]  Ibid. p. 140.
[60]  Y. Saito. “Appreciating nature on its own terms.” Environ. Ethics?20?(1998): 136.
[61]  Ibid. p. 91.
[62]  J. Naussauer. “Cultural sustainability: Aligning aesthetics and ecology.” In Placing Nature: Culture and Landscape Ecology. Edited by J.I. Naussauer. Washington, DC, USA: Island Press, 1997, p. 72.
[63]  Ibid. p. 82.
[64]  E. Brady. “Aesthetics, ethics and environmental conservation.” In Aesthetics of the Natural Environment. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 2003, pp. 224–254.
[65]  Ibid.
[66]  Ibid.
[67]  I. Brook. “Can ‘spirit of place’ be a guide to ethical building?” In Ethics of the Built Environment. Edited by W. Fox. London, UK: Routledge, 2000, p. 6.
[68]  J. Cheney. “Postmodern environmental ethics: Ethics as bioregional narrative.” Environ. Ethics?11?(1989): 128.
[69]  Ibid. p. 134.
[70]  R. Thayer. LifePlace: Bioregional Thought and Practice. Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press, 2003, p. 98.
[71]  K. Sale. Dwellers in the Land: The Bioregional Vision. San Francisco, CA, USA: Sierra Club Books, 1985, p. 94.
[72]  Ibid. p. 116.
[73]  P. Desai, and S. Riddlestone. Bioregional Solutions for Living on One Planet. Totnes, Devon, UK: Green Books for the Schumacher Society, 2002. For a good review of bioregional landscape practices..
[74]  E. Relph. Place and Placelessness. London, UK: Pion, 1976, p. 3.
[75]  J. Woodward. Waterstained Landscapes: Seeing and Shaping Regionally Distinctive Places. Baltimore, MD, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000, p. 14.
[76]  R. Thayer. LifePlace: Bioregional Thought and Practice. Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press, 2003, p. 98.
[77]  J. Parsons. “On ‘bioregionalism’ and ‘watershed consciousness’.” Prof. Geogr.?37?(1985): 5. Michael Ray quoted in Parsons, J.
[78]  J. Dudley. “Bioregional parochialism and global activism.” Conservat. Biol.?9?(1995): 1332, doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051329.x-i1.
[79]  R. Lipschutz. “Bioregionalism, civil society and global environmental governance.” In Bioregionalism. Edited by M.V. McGinnis. London, UK: Routledge, 1999, p. 111.
[80]  R. Thayer. LifePlace: Bioregional Thought and Practice. Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press, 2003, p. 150.

Full-Text

comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413