PULSATILE: A TOOL FOR CIRCARDIAN RHYTHM - A REVIEW

In the field of modified release, this review covers the detail aspect of a novel pulsatile drug delivery systems (PDDS) by oral administration that aims to release drugs on a programmed pattern at specific time and specific site as per the pathophysiological need of the disease, resulting in improved patient therapeutic efficacy and compliance. In particular, the recent literature reports on a variety of pulsatile release systems intended for the oral route, which have been recognised as potentially beneficial to the chronotherapy of widespread diseases. Asthma, peptic or deodenal ulcer, diabetes, neurological disorder, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, attention deficit syndrome in children, and hypercholesterolemia these kind of diseases are promising by pulsatile drug delivery. Technically, This system is designed for chronopharmacotherapy which is based on circadian rhythm and beneficial for the drugs having chronopharmacological behavior where night time dosing is required and for the drugs having high first-pass effect and specific site of absorption in gastrointestinal tract. This controlled–release system can maintain the drug concentration within the therapeutic window with a single dose, which lowers the systemic drug level and also preserves medication that rapidly destroyed by the body. Pulsatile drug delivery system is time related or site-specific related to drug released at the desired site within the intestinal tract (e.g., the colon). Pulsatile drug delivery systems are formulated when zero order drug release is not desired. Based on these premises, the aim of this review is to outline the rational and prominent design strategies behind oral pulsatile delivery. Capsular systems, osmotic systems, soluble or erodible polymer coating and rupturable membranes etc. are summarized in this pulse article. Various marketed technologies on pulsatile drug delivery like OROS, PULSINCAP, GEOCLOCK, SODAS, CODAS, etc., were launched by pharmaceutical companies.