How the unintended consequences of organizational interventions complicate the assessment of economic utility

Interventions in organizations (e.g., implementing new testing, training or leadership development programs) are likely to have a wide range of effects, some intended and some unintended. These outcomes are likely to unfold over time in a wide range oftrajectories. A multi-stakeholder, multivariate longitudinal perspective is suggested as a way of reflecting more broadly the range of effects of organizational interventions when estimating their financial impact.