Effect of growth regulators and other components of culture medium on morphogenesis of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in unfertilised ovule in vitro cultures

The aim of the present research was to optimise the process of plant regeneration from unfertilised ovules in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). A two-stage method was applied which involved preculture in liquid MS medium and culture on solid media. The study evaluated the effectiveness of different groups of growth regulators, agar and gelrite on the morphogenesis of explants. To do so, the culture was maintained on 21 MS media containing auxins (NAA, IBA, 2,4-D), cytokinins (BAP, KIN, TDZ), antiauxin (TIBA) as well as solidifying substances at different concentrations and combinations. Varied effectiveness of callus and shoot formation was observed depending on the medium used. The highest efficiency of shoot formation was recorded on the media containing 4.4 μM BAP, 0.09 M sucrose, and 0.04% gelrite. The formation of roots was induced when exposed to 14.8 μM IBA and 0.049 μM 2iP, and the percentage of rooted shoots ranged from 0.0 to 65.2%, depending on the growth regulator combination used for shoot regeneration.