Assessment Of Knowledge And Practices Related To Tuberculosis And Associated Factors Among HIV Positive People In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Problem statement: TB and HIV have lethal combination making the fight against the diseases harder. Ethiopia is one of the highly affected countries in the world. Poor knowledge & practice of people on TB is believed to pose major challenge on the control program.Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, associated factors to knowledge and practice related to tuberculosis of HIV positive people living in Addis Ababa. Methods: A health facility based cross-sectional survey using a structured & pretested questionnaire was conducted from January to February, 2011 on PLHIV in Addis Ababa. The study subjects were selected by multistage probability sampling. Univariate, Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done. Results: Complete data was collected from 636 study subjects, response rate of 96.2%. Out of which 624 (98.1 %; 95%CI: 96.8%-98.9%) have heard about TB and 50.2% (95% CI: 46.3%-54.0%) were found to have satisfactory overall knowledge on TB. Those who have Primary education [Adjusted OR (95%CI) = 1.74 (1.15, 2.62)] and secondary & above [Adjusted OR (95%CI) = 4.08 (2.62, 6.35)] were highly likely to have satisfactory knowledge than illiterates. Of the 624 respondent, 64.1% didn’t often open windows of cars during travel. Of those who had pulmonary TB (194), 22.7% didn’t cover mouth & nose during coughing and sneezing & their main reason was “not giving attention”. From those who got medical treatment for TB (228), 14.5% didn’t complete it and from those who took preventive treatment (231), 8.7% didn’t complete it. The frequently mentioned reason was drug side effect. The intended health seeking practice was 96.8%. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study suggests that PLHIV in Addis Ababa have some gaps in knowledge and acceptable practices. Therefore, a very clear and target oriented health promotion, that takes illiterates in to consideration, for the PLHIV is necessary. Aims and Objectives- To know the most common type of calcanei in North Indian population and itsclinical importance. There are three articular facets on superior surface of calcaneus- anterior, middle andposterior. Three types of calcanei are noted according to number and arrangement of the articular facets-type A, B and C. Methodology - The present studywasdone on 300 dry adult human calcanei of unknownsex taken from Department of Anatomy Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and ResearchVallah (Amritsar). Results- In our study Type B was found as the most common type. Type A is the nextmost common. Interpretation- The