Cellular reprogramming and its application in infertility by deficiency of female gametes*

Introduction: The infertility affects 10 to 15% of the couples. An important cause inboth members of the couple is the disruption or absence of germinal cells. Models of invitro experiments have been carried out to study the molecular or genetic mechanismsinvolved and for the development of future treatments for this condition.Objective: To specify about the advances that have followed in cellular reprogrammingand to infer about its potential application in infertility by absence of female gametes.Methods: Thematic review. A computer research was done in Pubmed, Cochrane, CoreJournals, Clinical trials, Ovid, SciELO and LILACS. Also manual search in the newspapersor scientific websites: Cell, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHL), The HadassahHuman Embrionic Stem Cell Research Center, American Journal of Clinical Patology,Center for iPS Cell Research and Applications (CIRA). There were included those withoutlimit of age or gender and in Spanish and English that were published since 1950 to2012. Studies in humans and animals were included. 98 summaries of articles weregotten and 52 were considered pertinent. All of these were reviewed in complete text.Results: There were found important publications in the last fifty years that documentthe advances and the technological development got with the Stem Cell until the cellularreprogramming. Studies in experimentation models, in animals of different species andin human cells have proved that cellular specialization can become reversible, allowingthe creation of therapeutics tools for different pathologies, included the infertility byabsence of gametes, above everything by premature ovarian failure. New terminologyhas been proposed to identify to the cells that were created after the reprogramming asof gene factors of transcription every time better known.Conclusion: Cellular reprogramming is a field in development, that have become thekey to tackle pathologies in a future that today don′t have treatment. The delivery ofthe Nobel Prize of Medicine in 2012 to two of its pioneers (John B. Gurdon y ShinyaYamanaka), is an expression of recognition and also about the expectations that exist inthe cellular reprogramming for the health in general, and in particular for the infertilityby absence of male and female gametes. Rev.Cienc.Biomed. 2012;3(2):317-326RESUMEN:Introducción: la infertilidad afecta del 10 al 15% de las parejas. Una causa importanteen ambos miembros de la pareja es la disrupción o ausencia de células germinales. Sehan realizado modelos de experimentación in vitro para el estudio de los mecanismos