Profesionalismus a amatérismus v zrcadle socialistického sportu [Professionalism and amateurism in the mirror of the socialistic sport]

Po 2. světové válce se sport ocitl v novych spole enskych poměrech, ur enych existencí dvou světovych hospodá skych soustav. Dlouholety p edseda Mezinárodního olympijského vyboru (dále MOV) Avery Brundage odolal tlaku mezinárodních sportovních federací i národních olympijskych vybor na vyplácení tréninkovych a cestovních náklad , jeho následovník lord Michael Killanin u uzdu povolil. Stavidla s definitivní platností otev el ambiciózní Juan Antonio Samaranch, ktery se stal neomezenym diktátorem olympijského hnutí v 80. a 90. letech 20. století. Právě on umo nil vyplácení vysokych finan ních ástek sportovc m, a tím i ú ast profesionálních sportovc na olympijskych hrách. Jaky vlastně byl vztah tzv. amatérského a profesionálního sportu? Byli sportovci v socialistickych zemích amaté i nebo profesionálové? Jak socialistické země akceptovaly změny v olympijském hnutí v osmdesátych letech minulého století? Na tyto otázky se sna í p edlo eny text odpovědět, p i em hlavním zdrojem informací jsou soudobé dokumenty a denní tisk. [Professional and amateur sport formed as picture of society lay-out in modern history. The first amateur definitions considered as the professional everybody who had exercised manual labour. VIII. Olympic Congress in Prague in 1925 established the professional practised a sport for money or received a refund of wages. This definition had survived in almost unchanged form as late as the second half of the 20th century, when sport stepped foot inside new social conditions determined with two world economic systems existence. The VIII. Olympic congress in Prague in 1925 established nobody could participate in the Olympic Games: 1) who was professional or had been professional wittingly in his sport or other one, 2) who received refund of wages. This definition in unchanged form had lived through by the second half of the 20th century, when sport got itself into totally new social conditions determined with two world economical systems. The longstanding International Olympic Committee chairman Avery Brundage resisted pressure of the international sport associations and the national Olympic committees, his successor Lord Michael Killanin gave free play to it. Juan Antonio Samaranch who became unrestricted dictator of the Olympic movement in 80th and 90th of the 20th century opened gates with final validity. Just he provided for a payment of the high financial fees according to the socialistic model of the sport system. The XXIV. Olympic Games in Soul in 1988 were important in this because tennis players celebrated their come back on the Oly