Review: DETAILED STUDY OF GROUND WATER, CONTAMINATION SOURCES & APPROCHES TO CLEAN GROUND WATER

The quality of ground water depends on a large number of individual hydrological, physical, chemical and biological factors. Generally higher proportions of dissolved constituents are found in ground water than in surface water because of greater interaction of ground water with various materials in geologic strata. The water used for drinking purpose should be free from any toxic chemicals, living and non living organism and excessive amount of minerals that may be hazardous to health. A vast majority of ground water quality problems are caused by contamination, over-exploitation, or combination of the two. Most ground water quality problems are difficult to detect and hard to resolve. The solutions are usually very expensive, time consuming and not always effective. Ground water quality is slowly but surely declining everywhere. The wide range of contamination sources is one of the many factors contributing to the complexity of groundwater assessment. It is important to know the geochemistry of the chemical-soil-groundwater interactions in order to assess the fate and impact of pollutant discharged on to the ground. Pollutants move through several different hydrologic zones as they migrate through the soil to the water. The serious implications of this problem necessitate an integrated approach in explicit terms to undertake ground water pollution monitoring and abatement programmes.