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Evaluation of HIV-Leishmania co-infection in patients from the northwestern Paraná State, Brazil = Avalia o da co-infec o HIV-Leishmania em pacientes da regi o noroeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Keywords: american cutaneous leishmaniasis , HIV , co-infection , polymerase chain reaction , leishmaniose tegumentar americana , HIV , co-infec o , rea o em cadeia da polimerase

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Abstract:

Leishmaniasis occurs throughout the world and is one of the opportunistic infections that attack HIV-infected individuals. Few data are available on American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in HIV-infected patients. Current research investigates the occurrence ofHIV-Leishmania co-infection in HIV-infected individuals in an endemic region in Southern of Brazil. A non-randomized transversal investigation, molecular and serum epidemiologic type, on the occurrence of ACL in 169 HIV-infected patients was undertaken. The patients were followed up at the Integrated Nucleus of Health of the city Maringá, Southern of Brazil. Results showed that 13 (7.7%) of the HIV-infected patients also presented Leishmania (Viannia) DNA, detectable in blood by PCR. Serology, direct research, culture and PCR in skin material produced negative results. PCR positiveness for Leishmania was not associated with CD4 T lymphocytes count, opportunistic disease, treatment, use of proteases inhibitors, tattooing/piercing or use of injectable drugs, residential environment or previous ACL history. Results show that HIVinfected patients who live in endemic areas may reveal Leishmania DNA in the blood without any ACL symptoms. Above findings may be attributed to anti-retrovirus medicine that controls viral replication and maintains the functionality of the immune system and to a possible anti- Leishmania activity of these drugs. As leishmanioses ocorrem em todo o mundo e s o infec es oportunistas que afetam indivíduos portadores do vírus HIV. Este estudo investigou a ocorrência da co-infec o HIV-Leishmania em portadores do HIV numa regi o endêmica para LTA do Sul do Brasil. Foi realizado estudo transversal, n o randomizado, utilizando metodologia molecular e sorológica, sobre a ocorrência de LTA em 169 portadores do HIV. Foram estudados pacientes atendidos no Núcleo Integrado de Saúde de Maringá, Paraná, Sul do Brasil. Observou-se que 13 (7,7%) dos pacientes infectados pelo HIV também apresentavam o DNA de Leishmania (Viannia), detectável no sangue por PCR. A sorologia, pesquisa direta de Leishmania, cultura e PCR de les es de pele foram negativas. A positividade da PCR n o estava associada à contagem de linfócitos T CD4+, doen a oportunista, tratamento, uso de inibidores de protease, tatuagem, uso de drogas injetáveis, ambiente da residência ou história prévia de LTA. Os resultados mostraram que indivíduos portadores do vírus HIV que residem em área endêmica podem apresentar o DNA de Leishmania sem manifestar sintomas de LTA. Estes resultados podem ser atribuídos a a o dos medicamentos an

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