Estudo do processamento por microfiltra o de solu es aquosas de pectina em membranas ceramicas = Study of aqueous pectin solutions microfiltration process by ceramic membrane

Neste trabalho foram avaliados os efeitos da pressao, a eficiencia de separacao e os efeitos resistivos na microfiltracao de solucoes aquosas de pectina. O valor do fluxo de permeado estabilizado foi determinado para solucoes com concentracoes de 1,0 e 2,0 g L-1 submetidas a pressoes de 0,4; 0,8; 1,2 e 1,6 bar. Um delineamento fatorial completo com dois niveis foi realizado para se avaliar os efeitos da pressao, temperatura e concentracao nas resistencias doprocesso. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em um sistema de microfiltracao tangencial com membranas multitubulares com tamanho nominal de poro de 0,44 Ym e vazao de alimentacao de 1,0 m3 h-1. Determinaram-se os coeficientes de retencao de pectina e as resistencias seguindo omodelo das resistencias em serie. Os maiores fluxos de permeados para solucoes com 1,0 e 2,0 g L-1 foram observados, respectivamente, a pressao de 1,2 e 0,8 bar, enquanto os menores fluxos foram observados a 1,6 bar. O fluxo de permeado e a resistencia por polarizacao elevam-se com o aumento da temperatura e da concentracao, respectivamente. O coeficiente de retencao minimo observado foi de 93,4 % e a resistencia mais significativa foi a do fouling. A maior resistencia foi de 4,13 x 109 m2 kg-1 para temperatura de 30￠XC e concentracao de 2,0 g L-1. In this work, pressure effects, separation efficiency and resistive effects of microfiltration of pectin solution were investigated. Stabilized permeate flux values were obtained for solutions concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 g L-1 under different pressure conditions of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 bar. A full factorial design with two levels was applied to evaluate the effects of the pressure, temperature and concentration in the process resistances. The experiments were performed in a crossflow microfiltration system with multitubular membrane with nominal pore size of 0.44 Ym and feed flow of 1.0 m3 h-1. Pectin retention coefficients and process resistances were obtained following the resistances in series model. It was observed that the highest values of permeate flux for concentration solution of 1.0 and 2.0 g L-1 were at pressure of 1.2 and 0.8 bar, respectively, however, the lowest obtained permeate flux were at 1.6 bar. The permeate flux and the polarization resistance increased, respectively, with increasing temperature and concentration. The results showed that the lowest value of the retention coefficient was 93.4% and the most significant resistance was due to fouling. The highest value of resistance was 4.13 x 109 m2 kg-1 at temperature of 30￠XC and concentration of 2.0 g L-1.