Allelic variations in genes of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and their association with the susceptibility to sepsis and its clinical course = Variaciones alélicas en los genes de citocinas proinflamatorias y antiinflamatorias, y su asociación con la susceptibilidad y el curso clínico de la sepsis

Sepsis is the main cause of mortality in intensive care units. Therefore, many efforts to develop therapeutic approaches have been made without significant progress. The balance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses during the course of sepsis may determine the clinical outcome of patients; besides, the complexity of developing successful treatments in sepsis may be related to the heterogeneous nature of immune responses; the importance of genetic factors that regulate the immune component during the inflammatory response is emphasized. Based on such facts, this review focuses on genes of cytokines involved in the clinical course of sepsis; on information about their allelic variants found in the population with sepsis, and on their impact on gene expression. These factors are of critical importance, and a better knowledge about them could help to evaluate the risk of developing sepsis, and to define their association with the clinical evolution of this syndrome.