Potential Genetic Benefits of Using Brazilian Cotton Varieties to Improve those Cultivated in the C4 Countries: 1. Analysis of Major Architectural and Agronomic Characteristics

The study compared the adaptability of cotton varieties from Brazil and C4 countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali and Chad) to cultivation conditions in Burkina Faso. A Fisher experimental block design was used at two sites during 2010 and 2011. Major agronomic and architectural characteristics were selected, which can be used to describe the production setting up, precocity and yield performances of the varieties. The results revealed that Brazilian varieties produced significantly fewer branches (NVB and NFB) and fruiting sites (SVB and SFB), but produced more bolls (BFB) compared to A 51 (Chad) and STAM 59A (control). At agronomic level, almost all Brazilian varieties seemed to show a lower fiber percent. BRS 293 and, to a lesser extent, CEDRO were found to be the best allround Brazilian varieties, as they produce a similar fiber percent to the best African varieties, as well as a better potential cottonseed yield (BRS 293) and large boll production (CEDRO) compared to African varieties. It will be possible and easy to use some Brazilian varieties in crossings, in order to enhance African varieties, and technical analysis should make it possible to identify the appropriate varieties.