Study of foliar epidermal anatomy of four pistachio rootstocks under water stress Estudio de la anatomía foliar epidermal de cuatro rizomas de pistacho bajo estrés hídrico

Pistachio is one of the most important horticultural crops grown in Iran. In this study epidermal cells in leaves of four Pistachio rootstocks (Pistacia vera, cv. Badami Zarand, Sarakhs, Ghazvini and Pistacia mutica) grown under three irrigation levels (100%, 65% and 30% ETc) were evaluated. Stomata density and stomata dimension (length and width) were determined by light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The results showed that irrigation, rootstock and their interaction had significant effects on stomata density and stomata length. Effect of irrigation on stomata width was significant while rootstock and interaction of irrigation and rootstock had no significant effects on stomata width. The highest stomata density and the lowest stomtal length and width were obtained in severe water stress. The highest and the lowest stomata density on the abaxial surface was belonged to P. mutica (530.30 no/mm2) and P. vera 'Ghazvini (404.04 no/mm2), respectively. The rootstocks P. mutica and P. vera 'Ghazvini' had the highest and P. vera 'Badami' and P. vera 'Sarakhs' the lowest stomata length of stomata. The rootstocks showed no significant difference in case of stomata width. The shape of epidermal cells also was different among studied rootstocks. All rootstocks had Anomocytic stomata. Among studied rootstocks only P.mutica had trichomes on abaxial surface. Presence of trichomes in this rootstock is a characteristic distinguishable. It was found a negative correlation (-0.432) between stomata density and stomata width (P<0.01). There were not found correlation between stomata density and stomata length, while in severe treatment of water stress was observed significant negative correlation between stomata density and stomata length (-.0.675) at P<0.05. P. vera 'Ghazvini had the lowest number of stomata but wider stomata. Anatomical differerences may be useful as an initial screening method for classifying pistachio rootstocks of drought resistance. El pistacho es uno de los cultivos hortícolas más importantes producidos en Irán. En este estudio fueron evaluadas las células epidérmicas de las hojas de cuatro portainjertos de pistacho (Pistacia vera, cv. Badami Zarand, Sarakhs, Ghazvini y Pistacia mutica) obtenidas bajo tres niveles de riego (100%, 65% y 30% ETc). La densidad y dimensión (longitud y ancho) de los estomas se determinaron por microscopio de luz y microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM), respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren que el riego, los portainjertos y su interacción tienen efectos significativos sobre la densi