Multiple Aspects of Space Technology Transfer

Space faring nations are actively engaged in planning and execution of missions aimed at exploring and using space. Some of these efforts include expanding the human presence beyond Earth. Future exploration programs will seek answers to questions concern-ing the origin of the universe and life within it. The launching of hardware and humans, in addition to mission execution in space environment, is only possible with technologies that enable such endeavors. Thus, nations involved in space enterprise are pursuing the development of breakthrough technologies on numerous aspects of robotic and human missions. The use of planetary resources and reuse of resources taken from Earth are deemed essential for safety and cost-effectiveness of future exploration missions. Consequently, new/advanced/game-changing technologies and methodologies will enable sustainable and affordable space exploration. This paper presents aspects of transferring these technologies/methodologies for application to space missions and commercial markets to economically benefit society. These technologies are aimed at enabling space missions as well as providing new and improved products, manufacturing processes, and services in the commercial sector. A discussion of the potential risks and problems in technology transfer is presented for both commercial and space sectors. Also identified are sources of concerns and possible solutions to effectively commercializing technologies developed for space applications.