TEST OF A STUDY OF PHENOLOGY OF PISTACHIO FRUIT (PISTACIA VERA L.) IN THE ORCHARD TIGHENNIF (W. MASCARA, ALGERIA)

Among the cultivated species, hardy and resistant to harsh climatic and soil conditions, the true pistachio (Pistacia Vera L.) is one species that has unique characteristics (plasticity, hardiness, high tolerance to climatic variation, adaptation to different soil types etc.), which allows it to be cultivated in arid and semi-arid. Species of the genus Pistacia are dioecious and Wind-pollinated with alternating in fruiting. Pistachio varieties are usually self-sterile. The reasons for this sterility are many: shifting maturity of male and female organs, there are separate male and female flowers and especially hormonal or genetic incompatibility. This allows the mixing genetic incompatibility for the survival of species in nature. The annual growth cycle of tree species in temperate climates can be summarized in a phase of winter dormancy followed, or preceded by a period of summer growth. In the part of materials and methods, we were interested in fruit pistachio (Pistacia Vera L.) to study the phenological behavior. The five female varieties are: Achouri, Batouri, Neb. djamel, and Bayadhi Adjmi. Pollinators are summarized: Male Khalifa Jaber Male and Male Jamil. As such, during this work, we set ourselves two objectives:- The phenology of the species, to define the developmental stages of the growth cycle;- The qualitative and quantitative study of pollen.