Biomass, root structure and morphological characteristics of the medicinal Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm) E.A. Bruce shrub across different ecologies in Benin

Medicinal plants play an important role in human livelihoods. However, the harvest of different organs may be destructive. Sarcocephalus latifolius is a species whose roots are harvested for medicinal purposes. This study was carried out to assess the root characteristics, biomass yield and morphological variations within different habitats of southern Benin. Forty-eight S. latifolius individual plants were randomly selected in three localities, representing four habitats for the species. Information collected was related to height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, number, depth of insertion and the length and the diameter of the roots. Observations were also made on organ characteristics to identify morphologic variation. The study showed that the optimum development of the root system is established in fallow ground and savannas. The species presents two morphotypes at the stem and root levels. Root biomass varied according to the developmental stage and habitat. A model of root biomass estimation was established and can be used to determine the root biomass within habitats. Across habitat, the number of roots is the major determinant for root biomass yield. Therefore, harvest should take into consideration habitat and the developmental stage according to the use type.