Evaluating the Relationship between Distance from the Border and Amount of Income and Employment from Smuggling (Case study: Villages of Khav and Myrabad district, Marivan County)

Extended abstract1-IntroductionThe subject of free trade and paying attention to marketing strategies and attracting customers can be considered as one of the significant factors in economic growth and development nowadays, so that many governments consider the international trade as one of the important priorities in their macroeconomic policy agenda. Currently the definition of smuggling and trafficking is not limited solely to the entry and exit within geographic borders of a country, rather, the illegal storage and distribution and transportation of goods in the country is also act of smuggling. Trafficking problem in our country due to geographical conditions for entry and exit of goods and lack of stability in neighboring countries is very significant. The aim of this research is to review and assess the existence of a relationship between the distance from border and degree of impact of trafficking in the “khav and mirabad” rural areas.The main research question thus arises: how the distance from the border has affected smuggling activities and its position in the income of rural households? Related to the general research question, the following hypotheses are offered: It seems that the distance from the borders affects the rate of employment of residents of the "Khav and Myrabad" villages in goods smuggling.It seems that the distance from the borders affects the amount of income earned by residents of the "Khav and Myrabad" villages in the goods smuggling activity.2- Theoretical basesThis research is based on descriptive - analytical and statistical methods. The required data were provided on the basis of documentation, literature review and field studies. The main tools used to gather the required data were questionnaires and interviews. Computer programs such as SPSS software was used for the purpose of data analysis. The study population consists of 32 villages " Khav and Myrabad " district in the township of Marivan and stratified sampling method based on the distance from the border of five villages with a population of 3,634 persons in 764 households was chosen. The sample size was determined based on Sharp - Cochran formula of the total studied rural households in 140 samples, which were distributed based on the principle of proportionality between the villages. 3– DiscussionResearch findings show that 43.8 percent of income is coming from smuggling activities; while activities such as agriculture and animal husbandry have not significant role in the economy of rural households. The Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.299 and also Spear